Bringing the solar system to life
Grade Level: 2-3

Overview This lesson in many ways has some similarity with Lesson 6, The solar system. The Solar System is a very abstract concept for primary age children. This activity was designed to show children the ideas of "revolution" and "rotation".

Purpose This Science activity, part of a unit on the Solar System, uses role playing to demonstrate the universe and its connection to the sun.

Objectives i. Make models to represent the planets in comparative size. ii. Use their models to demonstrate revolution and rotation of the planets around the sun. iii. Define "revolution", "rotation", and "orbit".

Resources /Materials One yellow punch ball Nine balloons of different colors A box of colored chalk or string to mark orbits (Note: If these materials are not available you may improvise with locally available similar materials)

Activities and Procedures

i. Children will blow up a yellow punch ball to its fullest and balloons of nine different colors to sizes representing the nine planets.
ii. Take the class outside or go into the gym inside. Have nine paths marked on ground or floor with string or chalk.
iii. Have one student hold each balloon. Another student will hold the yellow punch ball which represents the sun.
iv. The "sun" stands in the middle of a circle. The other children take their places on the marked paths. Teacher will need to give each child the name of his/her planet and direct him/her to the correct place.
v. Begin the experiment by having children walk in their path or "orbit" around the sun. Stress that the planets never leave their own orbits. This travel around the sun is called "revolution". This term should now be introduced.
vi. After the children have orbited the sun once, bring in the added concept of "rotation". While moving around the sun, the children should also start to spin around like tops. (Caution them against becoming dizzy.) This demonstrates "rotation". Tell children that it takes one year for the earth to revolve around the sun, and it takes one day for the earth to rotate on its own axis.

vii. Point out that "rotation" or spinning on one's own axis takes much less time than going all the way around the sun, "revolution." Give all children in the class a chance to try the experiment.

Tying it all together After returning to the classroom, demonstrate the principle just learned with the globe. Let someone spin the globe and walk around a "sun" to show "rotation" and "revolution". For children who have trouble keeping "rotation" and "revolution" straight, here is a tip: the middle sound of "rotation" has the same vowel sound as "day" and it takes the earth one day to rotate. This same type of activity can be used to show the relationship between the moon and the earth. Role play is an excellent way to teach primary children and makes these abstract concepts come to life.

Assessment Test the children in different ways to find out if they can clearly distinguish between the terms, rotation and revolution. Let the children each recite the Poem on Rotation and Revolution.

Suggestions/Modifications

  • The instructor may have the students act as the different planets and the sun and they can physically represent "revolution" and "rotation."
  • Students should understand the importance of learning about the solar system and their place in it.
  • Have the students write reflections in a journal about the things they learn in this lesson to see if they understand the concepts and to gain insight into their understanding of the solar system.
Author(s) Sally Spooner, Sunset Elementary School, Cody, Wyoming