How to Cite Online Sources
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A large majority of research today is done online. In this video we will learn the proper way of citing online sources.
Introduction
Citing sources is an important part of essay writing. Today the vast majority of our research is done online. Let's start our journey as we learn the proper way of citing information from sources found in our virtual world.
Choosing Your Format
One of the first choices you need to make is what format you are using for documenting your sources. Two of the most common formats you will be asked to use is APA or MLA. Usually the format will be chosen by the instructor making the assignment. In our examples during this video, we are going to examine citing an online scholarly journal. In academic writing, this will be the most common type of citation you will be doing.
APA Format
If you are using APA format, there is one very important concept to know. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is an alphanumeric string that acts as a link. When a DOI is not available, you should use the actual web address. DOIs are preferred because they remain stagnant, while traditional website links are subject to change quite frequently. Many publishers post DOI numbers on the first page of the online article.
In addition to the DOI or web link, you'll need the name of the author and the date of publication. The following is an example of a citation from an online source. Let's take a couple of minutes to go over each section:
Barcelona, R. (2009). Pressing the online learning advantage: Commitment, content, and community.The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 57(3), 193-197. doi:10.1080/07377360903262218
The first thing we notice is the name of the author and the year in which this online article was published. Next, you see the title of the article. Following the title of the article, we see the title of the publication followed by the volume number with the issue number in parentheses. After the issue number, we have the pages on which this particular article can be found. Finally, we have the DOI number. Remember, whenever possible, use the DOI number when writing your citation. If the DOI number is not available, go ahead and use the full web address that links directly to the article.
MLA Format
MLA no longer requires the use of a web link when citing online sources. To cite sources using MLA, you will need the author, the date the web resource was created, the title and the date the information was accessed. If you are going to cite an entire website using MLA, it would look like this:
Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access.
As you can see, MLA format looks a bit different than APA. Let's revisit our citation from an online scholarly journal and see how it would look using MLA format:
Barcelona, Robert J. 'Pressing the online learning advantage: Commitment, content, and community.'The Journal of Continuing Higher Education 57.3 (2009): 193-197. Web. 9 Sept. 2012.
Just like in APA formatting, the author's name appears first. Next, we see the title of the article in quotation marks followed by the title of the journal, the volume and issue number and the date of publication. The next piece of information is the page range on which this article appears. In our next step, we diverge from APA format by letting the reader know this is a web-based journal. The final piece of information we need is the date on which we retrieved, or found, this article online.
Lesson Summary
So, let's wrap up our walk through citing online sources by recapping what we learned.
The first step you need to complete is deciding which format you are going to use to cite your sources. APA and MLA formatting are the most common and are the two we reviewed in this video.
Whenever you are using an online source, you need the author as well as the date the article was published. The next piece of information you are going to need is the title of the article. If you are using a periodical or online scholarly journal, you'll also need the name of the publication and the volume and issue number if available. You should note the page numbers on which the article can be found. If you are using APA format, you'll need the DOI number or the direct link at which the article can be found if the DOI number is not available. If using MLA format, be sure to note if the article is web only and include the date on which you retrieved the information.
Happy citing!